Researchers from the University of Hong Kong have developed a predictive model that can identify autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with 81% accuracy based on an analysis of the oral microbiome. This discovery could revolutionize early autism diagnosis and introduce a new screening tool in dental offices.
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An interdisciplinary team from Hong Kong has shown that oral microbiome analysis can be an effective tool for early autism diagnosis.
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The predictive model achieved 81% accuracy in identifying children with ASD.
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Eleven bacterial species have been identified as potential biomarkers for autism.
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The new method could become a non-invasive part of routine dental check-ups.
The link between the oral microbiome and autism – a new diagnostic direction
A recent study by an interdisciplinary team from the Faculty of Dentistry and the Department of Psychology at the University of Hong Kong suggests that the oral microbiome can serve as an effective indicator of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers developed a predictive model that analyzes the microbial composition of saliva and identifies ASD with 81% accuracy.
Previous studies have suggested that both gut and oral microbiota play important roles in immune system regulation, inflammatory mechanisms, and the gut-brain axis—factors often associated with the pathophysiology of autism.
New biomarkers – 11 bacterial species linked to ASD
The study identified 11 bacterial species that differed significantly between neurotypical children and those diagnosed with ASD. These microorganisms could serve as the basis for developing non-invasive screening tests, potentially incorporated into everyday dental practice, such as during routine pediatric check-ups.
The authors emphasize that, since digestion begins in the oral cavity, changes in its microbiota may serve as early indicators of broader neurological disorders.
ASD – a global challenge and the need for faster diagnostics
Autism spectrum disorder is a growing public health concern. In the U.S., 1 in 36 children is diagnosed with ASD; in Hong Kong, the figure is 1 in 49. Early diagnosis is crucial for initiating effective developmental interventions, yet current diagnostic methods are time-consuming and often delayed.
Standard screening relies on subjective observations by teachers and caregivers, making it prone to error and slow response. This creates a growing demand for objective, affordable, and easy-to-implement tools—such as oral microbiome testing.
Potential for implementation in dental practice
Introducing microbiome testing as a screening element during dental visits could offer substantial benefits not only to patients but also to dentistry itself. Dentists—often among the first healthcare professionals to see children—could play a vital role in identifying ASD risk, making their practice more interdisciplinary and socially impactful.
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A diagnostic model based on the oral microbiome can improve early autism detection.
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Microbiological testing may become part of standard dental check-ups.
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Early intervention significantly improves outcomes for children with ASD.
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Dentists could play a key role in developmental disorder screening.
