An increasing number of patients taking weight-loss and diabetes medications are reporting dental complications

• GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide may indirectly affect oral health by causing dry mouth, facial volume loss, and gum deterioration.
• These effects often stem from reduced food intake, limited chewing, and decreased saliva production.
• Some oral changes are linked to altered dietary habits and physiological changes in the oral mucosa.
• Physicians and dentists should monitor these symptoms, educate patients, and recommend preventive oral care.

Semaglutide: More Than Just Weight Loss

Originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes, semaglutide-based drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus are now widely used in obesity treatment. Their effectiveness in promoting weight loss is well-documented, and demand continues to grow—not only among patients with obesity but also among individuals seeking rapid aesthetic transformation.

With the rising use of GLP-1 medications, dental professionals are noticing a new spectrum of oral health symptoms. Media outlets and online forums have already coined the term Ozempic teeth, sparking debate among healthcare professionals about the broader implications of GLP-1 agonist therapy on oral and periodontal health.

Most Commonly Reported Oral Side Effects

Dentists are reporting a growing number of cases with the following complaints:

• Dry mouth (xerostomia): A reduced production of saliva is likely caused by lower food intake and reduced chewing stimulation.

• Halitosis ("Ozempic breath"): A consequence of decreased mucosal hydration and less frequent natural cleansing of the mouth.

• Sunken cheeks and receding gums: Due to rapid facial fat loss, the midface and perioral area may lose volume, leading to visible aesthetic changes.

• Increased plaque accumulation: Lack of chewing and saliva flow reduces natural cleansing, allowing dental plaque to build up more rapidly.

Expert Opinions

"Chewing stimulates saliva production and helps naturally clean the teeth. Less chewing means more plaque accumulation," explains Dr. Sofina Ahmed, dentist at Viva Dental in London.

Dental hygienists have also reported a noticeable rise in patients experiencing gingivitis, staining, and discomfort following the initiation of semaglutide or tirzepatide (marketed as Mounjaro), another GLP-1 analog.

Do GLP-1 Drugs Directly Harm Teeth?

There is currently no conclusive evidence that semaglutide directly damages teeth or gums. Most symptoms appear to be indirect effects stemming from:

• reduced oral activity,

• dehydration,

• altered mucosal physiology,

• loss of facial soft tissue volume.

The pathophysiology appears multifactorial and likely involves both systemic and behavioral mechanisms.

What Should Healthcare Providers and Dentists Know?

Both prescribing physicians and dental professionals play an important role in monitoring and mitigating these effects. Key recommendations include:

• Inform patients about potential changes in oral health during semaglutide therapy.

• Regularly assess saliva levels and gingival condition.

• Promote oral hygiene practices, including saliva substitutes, mouthwashes, and increased hydration.

• Recommend dental check-ups for early detection and management of emerging issues.

Interdisciplinary Challenge: Oral Health and GLP-1 Therapy

The Ozempic teeth phenomenon underscores how systemic medications can impact multiple physiological systems—including oral health. As more patients begin GLP-1-based treatments, collaboration between physicians, dentists, and hygienists is essential to ensure comprehensive patient care and minimize unintended side effects.

Key Takeaways

1. Semaglutide (e.g., Ozempic, Wegovy) can indirectly affect oral health through behavioral and physiological changes.

2. Most commonly reported symptoms include dry mouth, receding gums, facial volume loss, and bad breath.

3. These symptoms are not a direct toxic effect of the drug but result from reduced chewing and saliva flow.

4. Physicians and dental teams should proactively educate and monitor patients on GLP-1 medications.